{"id":40303,"date":"2018-08-16T16:32:46","date_gmt":"2018-08-16T15:32:46","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/nabarralde.eus\/?p=40303"},"modified":"2018-08-16T16:32:46","modified_gmt":"2018-08-16T15:32:46","slug":"778ko-guduaren-oroimena-lieu-de-memoire","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/nabarralde.eus\/es\/778ko-guduaren-oroimena-lieu-de-memoire\/","title":{"rendered":"778ko guduaren oroimena: Lieu de m\u00e9moire"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Egun gutxi batzuetan beteko da 778ko Orreagako Guduaren urteurrena. Ez dago dudarik oparoa izan dela herri, kristau eta nazio mitologian Karlomagnok eta 778ko batailak egindako bidea. Gurean, urtero errepikatzen hasi dira ekitaldiak gertaera hori gogora ekartzeko, euskaldunon oroimenerako leku bihurtuta. Euskal herria orduan garaile atera arren, garaipena erauzia eta ebatsia izan zen oroimen kolektibotik.<\/p>\n<p>Duela mila urte pasako borroka horrek bizi desberdinak izan ditu, garai bakoitzean politika, gizarte eta kultura eginkizun berriz hornitua eta, kasu honetan, orduko galtzaileen onuran, frantses nazioaren porrot heroiko bihurtuta. Horretarako, <em>Vita Karoli Magni<\/em> eta <em>Annales Regnum Francorum<\/em> kronika eta urtekariek tentuz hautatu zituzten batailari buruzko pasarteak, Isidoro Sevillakoaren estiloko <em>brevitas<\/em> idazkeran ezkutatuta. Orduan ez zen Roncevauxik agertzen, baina XI. mende amaierako <em>Errolanen kantua<\/em>ren garairako, jatorrizko Errozabal \u201cRencesvals\u201d bihurtua zen, oroimena itxuraldatzen zihoan.<\/p>\n<p>Gainera, Karlomagnori gesta kantu horretan ametsetan agertzen zaion Jaundone Jakue santua konkista berritarako bidea bihurtu zen Iberiar Penintsula iparralde osoan zehar, narrazioak errealitatea sortu zuen. Testu horrek, bestalde, frankoen herri aurkariak franko bihurtu zituen, zentzu zabalean: Flandria, Bretainia, Akitania, Saxonia eta abar, orain <em>douce France<\/em>ko zati izateko berreskuratu ziren eta, kantu horren arabera, Karlomagnoren armadan sartu.<\/p>\n<p>778ko guduaren azken urrezko aroa Prusiako Gerrarekin hasi zen (1871). Hirugarren aldiz plazaratu zuten zerraldoa, bizi berriz janzteko. Alemania berriaren aurrean Frantziak gerra hura galduta, harrotasun nazionala nola altxa bila zebilen. Alsazia Alemanian sartua zen orain, eta frantsesen aldeko bertako iheslariei aljeriarrei kendutako lurrak esleitu zizkieten, Frantziaren <em>mission civilizatrice<\/em> Afrikako puntu horretara eramateko. 1870ean sartu zuten Aljeria formalki Frantziara, eta oso egokia zen orduan frantses porrot giro horretan Gaston Parisek, Erdi Aroko historialari frantsesak, kantuari buruz Pariseko College de Francen emandako hitzaldia (\u201cLa Chanson de Roland et la nationalit\u00e9 fran\u00e7aise\u201d), kantu hori eta haren frantsestasuna goretsiz. <em>Errolanen kantua<\/em> gerrako umilazioa goxatzeko etorri zen, frantses estatuko lurraldeei identitate komun bat emateko, eta menpeko herrien gutxiagotasuna nabarmentzeko (tartean, euskaldunak), Afrikako hedakuntza kolonial bete-betean.<\/p>\n<p><em>Errolanen kantua<\/em> Frantziaren kantu epikoa izango zen, 1877an <em>agr\u00e9gation<\/em>era (unibertsitateko gai-zerrendara) gehitu zen, eta bigarren hezkuntzako curriculumera 1880an. Errolanen kantua nazio batasun, elkartasun, kultura ondarerako erreferentzia bihurtu zen, frantsesen <em>lieu de memoire<\/em> bat, memoria toki bat, Frantziako herri guztiei behartuta estatuaren bitartekoen (prentsa eta eskola) bidez nahitaez helaraztekoa. Espainian, beste memoria toki bat lantzen hasi ziren, \u201cErrekonkista\u201d asmatzen (ordukoa baita hitza eta kontzeptua), Canovas del Castillok Bigarren Karlistaldia irabazi eta Araba, Gipuzkoa eta Bizkaiko foruak indarrez kendu berritan. Ideia murritzeko Espainiak frantses eredu sinbolikotik edan zuen, eta hor aurkitu zuen espainiar identitatea eratzeko heldulekua.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Egun gutxi batzuetan beteko da 778ko Orreagako Guduaren urteurrena. Ez dago dudarik oparoa izan dela herri, kristau eta nazio mitologian Karlomagnok eta 778ko batailak egindako bidea. Gurean, urtero errepikatzen hasi dira ekitaldiak gertaera hori gogora ekartzeko, euskaldunon oroimenerako leku bihurtuta. Euskal herria orduan garaile atera arren, garaipena erauzia eta ebatsia izan zen oroimen kolektibotik. Duela [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":40304,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[78],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-40303","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-egunekoa"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.7 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>778ko guduaren oroimena: Lieu de m\u00e9moire - Nabarralde<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/nabarralde.eus\/778ko-guduaren-oroimena-lieu-de-memoire\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"es_ES\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"778ko guduaren oroimena: Lieu de m\u00e9moire - Nabarralde\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Egun gutxi batzuetan beteko da 778ko Orreagako Guduaren urteurrena. Ez dago dudarik oparoa izan dela herri, kristau eta nazio mitologian Karlomagnok eta 778ko batailak egindako bidea. Gurean, urtero errepikatzen hasi dira ekitaldiak gertaera hori gogora ekartzeko, euskaldunon oroimenerako leku bihurtuta. Euskal herria orduan garaile atera arren, garaipena erauzia eta ebatsia izan zen oroimen kolektibotik. 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